Physics5 min read
Pressure From Force and Area: Pascals Explained
Pressure is force ÷ area: 200 N pressed over 0.5 m² gives 400 Pa, but over 0.005 m² it gives 40,000 Pa. See the units, a table and common slips.
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- Physics5 min read
Projectile Horizontal Range Formula and Launch Angles
A projectile launched at 20 m/s and 45° lands about 40.77 m away on level ground, using R = v² × sin(2θ) ÷ g. See how angle changes range.
- Physics4 min read
Safety Factor in Engineering: Limit ÷ Working Stress
A part that fails at 300 MPa but works at 100 MPa has a safety factor of 3. See the ratio, how to pick a target and why more is not always better.
- Physics5 min read
Frequency to Period: 1 ÷ f Made Simple
Period T = 1 ÷ f. A 50 Hz mains supply repeats every 0.02 s, which is 20 milliseconds, and a 1 kHz tone repeats every 1 ms. Here is how to convert.
- Physics4 min read
Slope Percentage: Rise Over Run Times 100
Slope % = rise ÷ run × 100. A 0.6 m rise over a 12 m run is a 5 % grade, about 2.9 degrees. Convert grades to ratios, angles and ramp checks.
- Physics5 min read
Sound Intensity in Decibels: How the dB Scale Works
A sound of 0.000000001 W/m² is 30 dB, because dB = 10 × log10(I ÷ 10⁻¹² W/m²). See why +10 dB means ten times the intensity, with worked numbers.
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